The American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun :: A Raisin in the Sun

The idea of the American conceive of still has truth in todays time, even if it is wealth, love, orfame. The thing that never changes about the American Dream is that everyone deserves somethingin life and everyone, somehow, should strive to get it. Everyone in America wants to have somekind of financial success in his or her lives. The American intake is said to be that each man havethe right to pursue happiness and strive for the beat. In the play A Raisin in the Sun, the designershows an African-American family struggling to get out of the poverty line, which is stopping themfrom making financial stability, or the American Dream. Its main focus is on Walters effort to counterbalance it, or be somebody. She also shows how race, prejudice, and economic problems effect a blackmans role in his family, how he provides, and his identity. It is also said that that the Youngersfamily dreams were unreal and they couldnt attain thither dreams due to their status in life.The two most comm on American dreams that the Youngers family want to achieve is to beaccepted by the white society and to be financially stable. For physical exercise, when the Younger familyreceived the insurance check in the mail Mama went out and brought a house in the whiteneighborhood. Shortly afterward she brought the house in the white neighborhood, which is known, asClybourne Park they quickly sent a representative by the name of Karl Linder. Linder was apart ofthe New Neighbors Orientation direction that welcomed newcomer in the neighborhood.Unfortunately, since the Youngers were black Linder stated It is a matter of the people ofClybourne Park believing, rightly or wrongly, as I say, that for the happiness of all interested thatour Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities. (Hansberry 407). Thisbasically states that Mr. Linder was trying to convince them not to live in their neighborhoodbecause they didnt fit into the description of that community. This is an e xample of them not beingaccepted by the white society. Being financially stable allows you to have a better lifestyle, gainrespect from others and to obtain power. By being financially stable you can live better because youcan you dont never have to worry about how your going to eat, will all the bills be paid and maybeyou could own your own business one day. This relates to the story A Raisin in the Sun because

Benjamin Franklin: Americas Model for Servant Leadership :: American History

Benjamin Franklin Americas Model for Servant Leadership In Benjamin Franklins civil pride and his projects for the improvement of Philadelphia, we see a nonher eyeshot of the philosophy of doing good. At the same time we may recognize the zeal for shed light on that has long been a fountistic of American vitality. In his attention to the details of daily living, Franklin shows himself as the observant empiricist. As the successful engineer of ways to own the city he loved cleaner, safer and more attractive he continually sponsored new institutions that were proof that the applications of reason to experience were fruitful in the real world. Hu firearm felicity, he wrote, is produced not so much by great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen, as by little advantages that occur every day. Franklin typifies that aspect of the American character that is attentive to small details as well as over-all great plans. The practical idealism of America lies in our capacity to belong f or our ideals step by step, to recognize that the perfect world is never achieved but that we may approach it gradually by a creative attentiveness to separately aspect of life around us. BENJAMIN FRANKLINS religious creed held that the best service to God is to be good to man. He leaned to the views of the Dissenters of his day, notably Joseph Priestley and Richard Price, who preached a article of faith somewhat manage present Unitarianism. A moralist, he taught that mans soul is immortal and that mans conduct in this world will determine his condition in the close so he made a creed of virtue, based on integrity and good deeds-man must help himself and others. In the American tradition Franklin stands as a man who preached parsimony, frugality, industry and enterprise as the way to wealth. He grew to maturity in an American tradition that was older than he was, according to which such virtues as thrift and industry were not enough to bring a man success he had also to practic e charity and help his neighbor. wealthiness was a memento of esteem of the Divine Providence that governs mens affairs, and thus the accumulation of riches was not sought for its own sake alone. Furthermore, wealth and position, cosmos marks of the overlord favor, conferred an obligation a successful man was a steward, holding the worlds goods in trust for the less fortunate. This Protestant ethic was a super C denominator of Calvinistic capital of Massachusetts where Franklin spent his boyhood and of Quaker Philadelphia where he grew to young manhood.Benjamin Franklin Americas Model for Servant Leadership American HistoryBenjamin Franklin Americas Model for Servant Leadership In Benjamin Franklins civic pride and his projects for the improvement of Philadelphia, we see another aspect of the philosophy of doing good. At the same time we may recognize the zeal for reform that has long been a characteristic of American life. In his attention to the details of daily living, Fr anklin shows himself as the observant empiricist. As the successful engineer of ways to make the city he loved cleaner, safer and more attractive he continually sponsored new institutions that were proof that the applications of reason to experience were fruitful in the real world. human race felicity, he wrote, is produced not so much by great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen, as by little advantages that occur every day. Franklin typifies that aspect of the American character that is attentive to small details as well as over-all great plans. The practical idealism of America lies in our capacity to work for our ideals step by step, to recognize that the perfect world is never achieved but that we may approach it gradually by a creative attentiveness to each aspect of life around us. BENJAMIN FRANKLINS religious creed held that the best service to God is to be good to man. He leaned to the views of the Dissenters of his day, notably Joseph Priestley and Richard Price, wh o preached a doctrine somewhat like present Unitarianism. A moralist, he taught that mans soul is immortal and that mans conduct in this world will determine his condition in the next so he made a creed of virtue, based on integrity and good deeds-man must help himself and others. In the American tradition Franklin stands as a man who preached thrift, frugality, industry and enterprise as the way to wealth. He grew to maturity in an American tradition that was older than he was, according to which such virtues as thrift and industry were not enough to bring a man success he had also to practice charity and help his neighbor. Wealth was a token of esteem of the Divine Providence that governs mens affairs, and thus the accumulation of riches was not sought for its own sake alone. Furthermore, wealth and position, being marks of the divine favor, conferred an obligation a successful man was a steward, holding the worlds goods in trust for the less fortunate. This Protestant ethic was a common denominator of Calvinistic Boston where Franklin spent his boyhood and of Quaker Philadelphia where he grew to young manhood.

Get Back to Work! :: essays research papers

A couple of months ago, my company installed a system to scan the visit calls of certain employees. They set the recorder to record only the employees who have outside contacts with customers, regulatory boards, or contract personnel. The company implemented this system to resolve conflicts, clarify positions, protect the integrity of the companys contracts and verbal commitments, and provide for sales and customer service training. Naturally, this did non go over well with some of the employees who thought this was an invasion of their privacy. Some of the employees started using their jail cell forebodes or other company phones to make their personal calls. Others would complain to their coworkers and supervisors most the companys disrespect for their privacy. I believe that employees should not be fazed by the fact the company is enter their phone calls because the phones are company property and employees are being paid to work. Employees seem to believe that their assig ned phone is their phone and they can do with it as they please. It is a privilege to have a phone and employees seem to take their phones for granted. The company is paying for the phones and providing them to their employees for business purposes. It follows the uniform principles of the computer employees should not browse certain types of web pages and the company can actually record Internet activity and other computer activity rather easily. Legally, nothing employees do on their phones is private and privacy is not implied. Employees also should not be making personal calls that are not appropriate. If an employee is talking about inappropriate subjects they should not be talking about it at work, period. If the employee does not want their conversations recorded, they should not have them at work. Employees could use their cell phones to negate the recording system, but people will know that they are on a personal call. They can also go to another desk to make their person al phone calls, but this would mean that they are not working.While at work, employees should be working on their assigned tasks. Of course, I am not saying that they should not be able to do some personal activities. Employees should be able to take breaks, gossip with coworkers, take care of personal business, and make personal phone calls, but these activities should be limited and should not disturb an employees performance.

Why Launch An Advertising Campaign :: essays research papers

Why Launch An Advertising CampaignTo start off, when your comp some(prenominal) is just becoming established in the Britishmarket, consumers will have no knowledge of your product, we must encour maturate orpersuade the consumer to buy your product. To make customers aw atomic number 18 of theproduct we must advertise. Large musical scale advertising mainly consists ofadvertising on TV, Radio, newspapers and other large scale media. This ensuresthat advertising reaches the largest amount of people in the shortest amount oftime. It is likely that the consumer will be more interested in the product ifthey hear of on a national level such as TV or Radio. We must look upon out forother companies in Britain that sell a similar product or overseas companiesthat sell in Britain so Pakanawa can analyse the British marketing strategy andimprove upon it. Market Segmentation is also another factor to take notice of.Market segmentation helps to differentiate products for different age groups. For most product, there are segments of the market that you need to specificallyadvertise to. Fore example, different methods of advertising would be needed ifyou were to advertise to parents than to the children. For a visual modality of productstheir are a lot of age groups that you need to advertise for and these must betaken into consideration. We must analyse the different market segments that areapplicable to Pakanawa and investigate how we can exploit these differentmarket segments. An ad campaign is a very sensible idea beca engross no-one will knowabout our products without the use of advertising. This means that we mustconcentrate on a good ad campaign so people will know about our products.Approximate prices are shown below for large scale advertisingTVPrice agreed with company (500,000 + ) Radio(250,000 + ) Newspaper lineage ad250 Newspaperfull rapscallion700-900 Cinema booklets650.00 per cinema Flyers0.08 per flyerAs is shown above, advertising is very expensive when done on a large scale soto justify any form of large scale advertising it must be proven to be effective.At Pakanawa we must consider all angles of the media and come to a mop upabout advertising.What sort of advertising should you use?By far the most far reaching of these strategies is Television advertising. Alarge amount of people figure TV and this type of advertising will reach manysocial groups. Although this type of advertising is very expensive and even moreso during broadside times, TV advertising should be seen by the masses andencouraging a lot of new customers, so in time, TV advertising will comprise foritself.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Theres a recurring question that often presents itself at different points in our lives. We ask it to ourselves in private and are asked by others at any given time. It comes from those we are yet to know well and from those who can see us with their look closed. It goes to the tune of, What do you want to do someday? or What do you want to be? and it rarely comes with a monosyllabic reply. The routine I dont know, or shrug are devoted companions of this question, though every now and then an individual can focus the future before his or her eyes and give it a name. For the rest of us, the specifics may still be hazy. I can say with certainty that my response to this questions is consistently inarticulate. I do pile solace, however, in the fact that it would be difficult for anyone to form a sentence when countless possible futures crash into their heads and rain down indecision and excited apprehension. What do you want to be when you grow up? is difficult to answer for many reaso ns. It is not challenging simply because of all the choices we have, but also because it f...

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Theres a recurring question that often presents itself at different points in our lives. We ask it to ourselves in private and are asked by others at any given time. It comes from those we are yet to know well and from those who can see us with their eyes closed. It goes to the tune of, What do you want to do someday? or What do you want to be? and it rarely comes with a monosyllabic reply. The routine I dont know, or shrug are devoted companions of this question, though all(prenominal) now and then an individual can focus the future before his or her eyes and give it a name. For the rest of us, the specifics may still be hazy. I can say with certainty that my response to this questions is consistently inarticulate. I do take solace, however, in the fact that it would be difficult for anyone to form a sentence when countless possible futures crash into their heads and rain down indecision and excited apprehension. What do you want to be when you grow up? is difficult to issue for m any reasons. It is not challenging simply because of all the choices we have, but also because it f...

Importance of Tourism

Some passel think tourism is just going to a travel agency and buying a tour to visit a place. However, there ar much issues snarled with this field than concourse stooge imagine. According to the World Tourism arrangement (UNWTO) tourism represented 5% of the send global GDS, offering 235 million jobs worldwide and generating more than US$ 1 billion for topical anesthetic communities where it is developed. It is clear, therefore, that tourism brings advantages to a country, but there are obviously disadvantages.This essay will demonstrate that tourism is much more than a simple trip and can lordlyly chargedly or negatively affect different views and it will argue the importance of planning before tourism is developed will be explored. Discussion of the positive and negative aspects of tourism will be really complex (Ragsdale, n. d. ). To better comprehend the positive and negative consequences generated by tourism, it is important to evaluate each aspect linked separate ly. Economical, environmental, cultural and social aspects are the most significant aspects.Economic effects are the first benefits to the host country. Tourism increases job opportunities, because it creates new roles, such as servers, hotel staff, retail outlets and tour guides. Moreover, the population also can work in jobs of new hotels and facilities created as result of the tourism industry. (Ragsdale, n. d. ). Some other effects are the economic development, the improvement of income, the currency and the employment (Rodrigues, 2012). As an example, Bahamas have the tourism as their mainly local economy and source of jobs.The tourism guarantees employment for more than half of community, directly or indirectly. (Members of the Demand Media Studios Community, n. d. ). Before tourism being developed in this region the population was living in poor life sentence conditions and occupying worst job positions. Regarding the environmental aspect, tourism can be a reason to protect the nature and the money collected from tickets to visit parks makes people obey rules to preserve the park. This industry also gives a chance to understand how the environment works.(Allen, n. d. ).Additionally, conservation of natural areas, rising environmental quality, stimulating the participation of people with the environment, improvement of infrastructure and increased awareness of the environment are some example of positive effects of tourism. (Rodrigues, 2012). Cultural and social aspects are some of the touristic attractions. This direct contact teaches visitors a new view and it is lucrative for the local population. (Ragsdale, n. d. ).Furthermore, tourism can help to conserve cultural heritage, the cultural exchanges and the renewal of cultural pride. as well it promotes peace and greater empowerment of women (Rodrigues, 2012). In Bahamas the cultural identity is a concern of local government about the trivialization of crafts and influences of other cultures about ch anging local traditions. (Members of the Demand Media Studios Community, n. d. ). Probably, without tourism the government would never think about the Bahamas traditions.On the other hand, negative effects are being showed too (Allen, n. d. ). Economically, it is important consider how to pay and maintain tourism, because it can also encroach on the community with companies from another country, taking part of the profits instead of local population. (Ragsdale, n. d. ). In addition, tourism can aggravate social inequality, because if you didn?t have qualification, you would not have opportunity to work in this field. Besides, it can also raise the local and the housing be around the touristic areas (Allen, n.d. ).Bali is a good example of this situation. The tourism had grown about 80% in 2010 compared to 2000 and also had grown franchising and convenience stores around the city fully grown the profits to overseas companies. Moreover, the government gave a temporary residence to 6,000 foreigners allowing them to work it was not very fair competition for better jobs. In addiction, the real solid ground sector increased the property values causing the local population to migrate to other cities and without much infrastructure.(Trunkl, 2011). It is recognizable that tourism also can be a disruptive utensil against nature (Ragsdale, n. d. ). It can contribute to water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, visual pollution and problems with rising trash. In Bali tourism are destroying the natural source and overloading local infrastructure, affecting the environment and the community. The transit is increasingly congested and natural areas and plantations are being devastated to build more roads or tourist attractions. (Trunkl, 2011).In relation to the cultural aspect, tourism can negatively affect the authenticity of community, disrespecting traditions such as religious rites and crafts. (Rodrigues, 2012). Tourism causes a really encroaching(a) situatio n and consequently the host community will be influenced by tourists, endangering their customs, habits and cultural riches. (Ragsdale, n. d. ). Socially the unpleasantness between tourists and natives is a negative result in this area. Moreover, the supererogatory numbers of tourists leads to a less quality of the attraction and it may increase the cases of prostitution, crime and violence.(Rodrigues, 2012).To reduce negative impacts and enhance positive impacts will be incumbent a good tourism planning, always based on social equity, environmental awareness and expansion of the local economy. Tourism planning is a mechanism of management focused in an actual scenario of destination analysis to project possible panoramas. This mechanism builds a guide to transform the current target into sustainable tourist attraction using the resources available efficiently. First of all, the government should involve and sensitize the community where they want to explore the tourism.Without th is support, the tourism will inevitably fail. by and by that, they need to define the goals what kind of tourism will be explored in this region which kind of public will be explored and if all industry involved is prepared. Thus, they analyse all resources and create a strategy of product development. After that, tourism will be explored. Furthermore, it will be always monitored and evaluated to do invariable readjustments (Miranda, 2013). In conclusion, tourism has a great power of influence in societies where it is developed in very interesting aspects.For this reason, tourism cannot be considered as something peanut and it not even occurs without a planning. It should be well planned, executed and monitored results to make changes as needed. This dynamic will require well trained professionals and constant research in this area. It is no longer possible to think in tourism as just a simple trip, everything that occurs during any trip is interconnected and affects the exclus ively society. Provide a well planned and sustainable tourism will be inevitable for the survival of the local community. The focus now is to maximize the positive aspects and minimize the negative one.

How effectively does Shakespeare use scene 1 Essay

A pair of star-crossed sack outrs take their manners this immediately tells the hearing the tragic fate of the lovers menti hotshotd in the first 6lines of the prologue. Warning the audience of the sorrow and heartbreak that the play leave lead to. Shakespe argons Romeo and Juliet is based on the hatred between two families, the Montagues and The Capulets and how their anger and impatience towards each other lead to the death of a beloved child from each family. Shakespeare uses Act 1, scene1 to introduce many of the primary(prenominal) themes that appear through bulge the play, these main themes are Disorder, fate, light and Darkness, love and passion.Using this prologue Shakespeare is able to tell the audience the entire story line without them even watching the play. The line of the prologue beginning A pair of star-crossed lover. tells the audience straight away of the fate of the two characters involved. This set the scene for an inevitable ending whilst warning the audie nce what to expect, this is also defend up throughout the play because as soon as one good social occasion beings disasters follows closely behind.Using prologues at the beginning of his plays, Shakespeare was able to beat and engage the audiences heed and quieten them down before any of the main characters are introduced. The takes place in the form of a sonnet, this would adopt contained the classic characteristics of love poetry, this would have been a very successful way to introduce the play because not only would it have captured the audiences attention and quietened them down, moreover Shakespeare would have used this prologue to make up the audience vital information that they would have needed to image the rest of the play.Shakespeare would have also been able to give the audience some fancy of what to expect throughout the rest of the play. This was very effective as it used tight rhythm and rhyme designed to fade the audience in. The prologue at the beginning of Romeo and Juliet beings Two House-holds, both a comparable in dignity, in fair Verona (where we lay our scene) and continues Whose misadventured piteous overthrows, Do with their death bury their parents encounter so in these two short lines Shakespeare has told his audience who the characters are going to be and where the play is set.Romeo and Juliet is set in Verona, Italy. Shakespeare chose this location because in the 16th century, Italy was regarded as a beautiful country, k directn for it wealth and romance, using these images and scene he had created in his head Shakespeare thought Verona would be the perfect place for extravagant lovers Verona was one of the 4 most important states in Italy. Each of these states has its own ruler these rulers would have been very competitive, trying to gain superiority over others. Shakespeare used this discover theme in the play Romeo and Juliet in the form of the Prince.The Prince would have ruled the state and overseen every last(pr edicate) activities that take place, this would include quarrelling and feuding between any families that live in the state. Shakespeare picked this up in his version of Romeo and Juliet making the Prince the ruler and the Montagues and the Capulets the two feuding families. Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet was not a piece of William Shakespeares direct run low he had based all the ideas and storylines on a book he had read by Arthur Brooke, entitled The Tragic muniment and Romeus and Juliet written in 1562.The History of this particular story goes back even further, to a Greek author names Xenophon. Whilst re-writing this particular storyline Shakespeare decided he was writing the play for antithetic reasons to the ones Brook had used. Arthur Brook wrote the poem to warn young people of the dangers of physical attraction Shakespeare wrote his version because he was more interested in considering the validity of accredited love. Although Shakespeare had copied the story from two o ther people he had changed it and sum uped pieces to make it his own.For example, Marcutio, Benvolio and the nurse were not featured in Xenophon version or Arthur Brooks version. Shakespeare had to do this because his audience would have known the original storyline and may have thought of Shakespeare as a fake, audiences in this metre period would not have held back if they did not like the play they were being shown they would leave and cause havoc in the theatre. not only did Shakespeare add characters, he added little parts of scenes to give the play more of an impact and reinforce the storyline.For example he added a street fight, domestic scenes of food preparation, an consequent with the musicians, Tybalts challenge to Romeo and the killing of Paris in Act5 scene 3. Act 1, Scene 1 opens with Capulet servants, Sampson and Gregory talking aggressively and violently in a use up market place looking for trouble, and therefore women being the weaker vessels are ever compact to the wall, therefore I will push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. The two servants them speak of the hatred and insolence between to two families whilst discussing violent and crude images.This section also represents the high-lightered issue of abandon, which occurs in different sections of the play. Not only is this section crude and vulgar, it shows how violent these men maybe towards women and man. Its not long before a servant from the Montague family enters the scene, an argument sparks and the two sides are soon shouting at each other. This shows the audience of the loyalty that the servants have towards their households. When the argument/ fight continue the audience are shown that everyone is willing to put their life on the line for the sake of their family name.This is also observed later on in the play when Romeo and Juliet realise for the first time they are from 2 different, argument families. This argument prepares the audience for o ther quarrels and brawls further on in the play. What, drawn and talk peace? I hate the word, As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. Have at thee, coward this particular dialogue spoken by Tybalt not only reflects the aggressiveness of his personality nevertheless tell the audience of the hate and bitterness between the two families.Shortly following these events Benvolio enters, Part, fools Put up you swords, you know not what you do this shows the audience the peacekeeper in the play, the man that attempts to separate the two families and hinderance the brewing fight/argument. When this does not work Lord and bird Capulet enter, followed by Lord and Lady Montague. Both the Capulet and Montague Lords want to join in the fight but are stopped by their wives, who tell them that they are too old. As the wives hold the pair back the Prince enters with his men.The Prince is seen as the figure of authority in the play the person who controls all problems and is seen as someone who is capable of sorting out any feuding and arguments. He uses this power in a long patois where he talks of past quarrels between the Montagues and the Capulets and how it lowlifenot continue. He does this to tell his audience that these arguments are not a one off thing and happen regularly disrupting the people of Verona. The two families recognise the figure of authority and part, this shows the audience that the Prince is superior to all other characters.The Prince continues, If ever you disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the throw in the towel of the peace this is the only time that the Prince is seen as a threatening figure in the play, warning all members of the Capulet and the Montague household that if ever a fight breaks out again someone will pay the price with their life. The Princes language in this section is firm but at the same time, Shakespeare makes sure his audience fashion view him as a threat to any of the other characters although he is.The Pri nce speaks in blank verse, to show he is superior and powerful and emphasises his intelligence. All the characters understand the Princes livery, but Romeo goes on the break the rule and is later banished from Verona although Romeo himself is not present when the fighting breaks out. This separates him from the rest of the characters making him seem detached from the families feuding and willing to carry on with his life without starting trouble every time he sees a member of the Capulet household.The scene continues, the Montagues leave with the Prince and the Capulets are instructed to return to their homes, Montague, Lady Montague and Benvolio are left in the market place, here a conversation takes place round Romeo and how he seems withdrawn from all goings on. Benvolio is asked to investigate into why Romeo is behaving like this and the rest of the Montagues leave. This is the first time the audience are introduced to Romeo when he begins his conversation with Benvolio. This is where the themes of love and passion are brought into the play. With Cupids arrow, she hath Dians wit And in strong proof of chastity well armed, From Loves weak childish bow she lives uncharmed Romeo is speaking in verse to tell the audience just about his love for Rosaline but Benvolio is not convinced that Romeo is actually in love, Romeo complains because the woman he claims to love will not marry nor love him back. Benvolio tells Romeo that other women will come along and he should try hard to forget about her, Romeo listens to this although really he is not convinced. Romeo uses and elaborate way of speaking Why then, O brawling love, O loving hate, O any thing of nothing first create but this indicates to the audience his emotions are artificial, not coming from the heart. The audience would now know that Romeo is truly infatuated with Rosalind and that it was not just a fling or something he wasnt taking seriously. Throughout Romeos long speech to Benvolio he uses many oxymorons to emphasise what he thinks he is feeling. Loving hate and cold fire are perfect examples of when Romeo confuses himself with the overwhelming emotions he claims to have. The line love sickness, indicates to the audience that Romeo is almost infected with love for Rosaline and this may not be such a good thing.This would be showing the audience that love can to do terrible things to normal people, confusing the mind and turning and normal life chaotic. The light and Dark imagery is shown in the speech between Benvolio and Romeo but this is not mentioned until the audience is introduced to Juliet, Juliet is seen to be the light and Rosaline is seen to be the darkness that fills and confuses Romeos heart. This is where Shakespeare cleverly uses imagery to represent the two female characters in Romeos catamenia of view.The other themes are continued throughout the play, from when Romeo and Juliet meet to when the both die together in the chapel of rest, where Juliets body ha s been placed. The theme of love nevertheless is resisted in Act 1 scene 5, when Romeo and Juliet fall in love and know they shouldnt. The idea of courtly love is present through most of this scene, although Romeo and Juliet are not experiences this, the theme and ides is the same. The idea of courtly love originally came from a European tradition from the middle ages but still known in Elizabethan times.This was basically a set of rules/ expectations of people who fall in love. These rules stated a number of things this included her coldness inflames the passion. He is consumed with melancholy and makes up verses about love this is present in Romeo and Juliet towards the end when Romeo is desperate to see Juliet and in his last hours makes up several verses to calm himself and prepare himself to meet his wife, Juliet in heaven. The idea of marriage also originated in Europe and is also present in the play, this theme is only mentioned by Capulet once, when he is talking to Paris a bout his consistent marriage to Juliet.Juliet was pleased and honoured to have been asked to marry Paris until she meet Romeo, this is when she began to resent the arranged marriage. Capulet tells Paris the way to win his daughters heart, the themes of love and passion, light and dark and violence are continued throughout. Shakespeare very cleverly uses Act 1 Scene 1 to introduce these theme either through the prologue, what the first characters say or the actions and imagery that are used. Shakespeare was able to take all of this into account and still produce his own version of Brooks poem The Tragic History and Romeus and Juliet.

Future of Investment Banking

Future of Investment Banks is extremely relevant topic for todays studies. This type of banks institutions plays one of the main roles, being circulating element in the whole body of financial system. Vital role guaranteed by the abilities to help clients to raise capital through debts, equity or other potential deals. complimentary to note that investment banks argon those privileged institutions that are involved in processes of mergers and acquisitions. Concern about future of such an important investment banks are brought up by relatively recent events in bank sector of the economy.Even when BNP Paribas signaled that they had problems with properly pricing its book of subprime related bonds, a lot of experts were starting to worry. Chain of events is perceptible because of Lehman Brothers collapse as well. And nowadays questions of the development perspectives of investment banks increased dramatically. In attempts to describe possible development perspectives of investment bank s, following picture can be drawn. First of all, its given that quantity of investment banks already decreased.It better to describe it as consolidation process with a lesser amount of free banks and more small boutiques. Acquisition of JP Morgan in massive less effective structure proves this argument. Second, the problem of maturity gap should be solved. Dealing with asymmetric by the means of Repurchasing Agreements is not acceptable anymore due to the lack of trust. Moreover, asset/liability mismatch is lay on the liney and hard to control. Therefore its important to communicate on long-term funding such as deposits. The next gesture of brush is certainly about the regulation issue.Industry experienced some sort of deregulation caused by Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which had replaced Glass-Steagall Act. Thus, commercial banks with more conservative structure noticeably had gotten closer to investment banks with all their risk-taker items. Good example is illustrated by Citigroup, where blend of banking, security and policy may be observed. Separation should be supported for the purpose of avoiding conflicts of interests which incurred in internal environment of financial institutions.Next thing to observe in order to meet the forecast of development perspective of investment banks has to deal with bonuses in sector. There are no doubts, that people who worked on the field of investment are very hard-working folks, dedicated to their job more than ten hours a day including weekends. Nevertheless, they play with other peoples money which imposes responsibilities that cannot be overestimated. It means that extensive furbish up may occur in case of unsuccessful activities only if not for the trader.Bonuses should be limited. Motivation program should involve not only bonuses for profits but also some sort of provisions/allowances in undesirable case of losses. Discretion will inevitably lead to more risk aversion behavior. Actually, risk conservative approa ch is required all around banking due to elimination of the financial crisis threats. Before summing up, all the activities, that should be done for the future of the investment banks, there is one thing that will occur no matter what.It is something about experience that of course deserves to be thought of. Lessons learned from the significant episodes of financial crisis are really valuable. People will become more rational, especially in terms of dealing with unknown instruments like CDOs, CDO2s and others. Arguments presented in this paper are suppose to support the idea of investment bakings evolution. Despite the common concerns, the industry will survive, because of the never-ending demand of raising money

The Relevance of Religion to Society

Throughout history, the impact of the Darwinian Theory has reimbursed the existence of only theologys in major societies and has inevitably enforced relevance into the upstart world. worship is a set of beliefs imposed by the elders of society to implement the moral values necessary to preserve the society, which exploits a belief in the supernatural to sell the rules. In the modern-day day world, societies with religion atomic number 18 more likely to survive than those without religion because of the community, compassion, lack of anarchy or murder, family structures, etc. hich are reinforce through the morality and beliefs religions entrust. In a primitive society, without modern day methods of transportation of communication, religions could not encounter each others beliefs as potently as it occurs in present times. However, a means of religion was that it was necessary to build societies stable enough to produce about the technological advancements needed to bring th ese religious beliefs into conflict. Conversely, in the modern world, the deep set of beliefs in supernatural powers has deceivingly led people to cause more harm than legal.This is because people are willing to fight and die to force their beliefs upon others in a time when science and technology have reached levels high enough to refute or recognise obsolete the claims of supernatural powers on which those beliefs are based. In Christianity, The Bible is used to help us succumb to the knowledge and understanding of God, however, we also need to interminably apply some of the normative and hermeneutics of the Bible in order to shed a better light on the understanding and evaluation of our modern culture.The echt application of every biblical text without contextualization or understanding is a pitfall we all need to avoid. Although, partaking in these acts is what considers our life in day-to-day modern society to be enriched and fulfilled in the love and care of our lord. This inevitably establishes Christianity to be an importance in modern society as it helps to indoctrinate the good in all beings surrounding us and in ones self.Much like Christianity, Buddhism also establishes a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama who is commonly cognise as the Buddha, meaning the awakened one. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help stimulated beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance by way of understanding and the seeing of dependent origination and the elimination of craving, and thus the attainment of the cessation of all suffering, cognize as the sublime state of nirvana.Buddhists globally preach and also worship this enlightened religion to enrich their lives and many lives around them thus having an key relevance of that to modern day society. An example of such for religions in modern day society can be exp ressed through the uniform and selfless characteristics of one man, Bill Gates. Gates is an American business magnate, investor, programmer, inventor and philanthropist. Gates is the former chief executive and current chairman of Microsoft, the worlds largest personal-computer software product company. He is constantly recognized as one of the wealthiest men alive.However, his what seems to be eternal richness is not all he is acknowledged for. Bills work in starting his very own globalized charity in which he donates excess amounts of money to is one of the many other feats he is known for disregarding technology. He unselfishly gives others a chance through donation, which have nothing to reason with. This truly comes across as an act of kindness, and also that of deliveryman himself. If these acts can honestly swoop under the radar without becoming notable in day-to-day society, then that is when religion becomes much less relevant.Although, throughout our modern day culture, r andom acts of kindness and gestures never seem to go unrewarded. This then leads me to believe that without religion, or some sort of rightful justice or leading light system, the world today in which we live in would merely crash and burn. This can be reasoned by the terroristic acts that occur daily around the globe. If religion were not alive today, it wouldnt give the victimized people or country of an attack hope in a better future for tomorrow. In short, religion in modern day society is more relevant now, than it ever has been.

Mystic Monk Coffee Case Analysis Essay

underground Monk umber berry berry is a political party naturalized by Father Daniel Mary, the Prior of the Carmelite Order of monks in Clark, Wyoming. The monks atomic number 18 a group of 13 living in a piffling home. Coffee sales are expendd to support the brotherhood and to eventually prepare for expansion of the order. Coffee is contractd using high-pitched type graceful trade Arabica and fair trade/organic Arabica beans. There are many popular flavors such as Mystical Chants of Carmel, Cowboy Blend, Royal Rum Pecan, and Mystic Monk Blend. The federations traditional target market has been the segment of the U.S. Catholic population who drinks coffee and supports the monasterys mission.Industry AnalysisThe approximate number of coffee consumers in the United Stated is 150 million and 89 percent of those drinkers prefer to make coffee at home sort of than bribe from franchises. Of the consumers who drink coffee at home, approximately 30 percent prefer premium spec ialty coffees that sell for $7 to $10 per 12-ounce package. These coffees are made from high quality Arabica beans rather that low quality, bitter Arabica beans. Mystic Monk Coffee is among the distributors that produces a higher quality product.Company MissionThe current mission is to produce a high quality product that is marketed to the segment of the U.S. catholic population who drink coffee and wish to support the monasterys mission. The monks make their appeal by asking the Catholics to use their Catholic coffee dollar for Christ and his Catholic church. This is published on the website.Company ObjectiveMystic Monk Coffee has a primary address of transforming the small brotherhood of 13 monks lining in the small home to include accommodations for 30 monks. There is a property in the Rockies with an asking scathe of $8.9 million. The monks currently have a donation of $250,000 and a plan to raise the remainder of the funds. There are currently more than 500 inquiries who want to be considered to become a Wyoming Carmelite and Father Prior Daniel Mary wished to accept a select few when he is able to expand.Company StrategyThe company primarily uses word of mouth as a means of sales and increase of revenue. Sales are generated primarily from online orders. Mystic Monk excessively offers non-secular websites commissions on sales made to customers directed to the website. The website and its affiliates help the company to earn a net profit margin average 11 percent of revenues.SWOTStrengths* The legal injury is reasonable. The average premium brand coffee is sold for $7 to $10 dollars per 12 ounce package. Mystic Monk Coffee averages $9.95 per 12 ounce traction and all purchases over $25 qualifies for free shipping. * The monks are dedicated to making the coffee. Everyone at the company has the same goal and this is to get on the revenue of the company in hopes of expanding to better serve God.Weaknesses* The Carmelite Order currently has the production capacity of 540 pounds per day and the demand will soon exceed the production capacity. The production is alike limited due to prayer and meditation throughout the day. * Advertisement is primarily by word of mouth. There are consumers who would try the coffee because it is of high quality and good price but do not know about it.Opportunity* Through the sale of its coffee, the Carmelite Monks may realize their dream of get the Irma Lake Ranch. * Donations made by individual supporters will help to fund the purchase of the land. * Expansion of the brotherhood through the purchase of a larger parcel of land. terror* Some people may not purchase the coffee because of the religious affiliation. * The price of the coffee may increase after the purchase of new land.*FINANCIALS not AVAILABLEProblem ScopeThe Carmelite Monks of Wyoming would like to purchase a ranch that would greatly increase its operations. The order currently has 13 monks working to produce coffee for sale and has a pr oduction capacity of 540 pounds per day. The company is sustainable because the monks have a specific goal in mind and all are on the same page when trying to reach the goal of the purchase. I selected this problem because although the company makes great sales, sales will not be equal to purchase the land. The company does not effectively advertise itself and will need to improve advertisement to increase sales. Problem The mission of the company is tied to the dream of the company. Father Daniel Mary realizes that the monastery environment is a unique challenge to the business because of the limited hours of production and also the limited access to the outside world. Although the monks are passing secluded, they manage to sell their coffee although it is mainly sold to Catholic believers.Solution Mystic Monk Coffee can begin to be offered in small shops in the United States. I would not recommend supermarkets at this time because of the limitations of production. As sales incr ease, revenue generated from increased sales will help with the purchase of new property and the coffee can then be offered in a limited amount of supermarkets. With the purchase of new land, there will also be an increase in labor and production with the addition of new monks to the order.Problem Mystic Monk Coffee has a target market of the U.S. Catholic population who drank coffee and wished to support the monasterys mission. Solution Mystic Monk Coffee should expand its target market. It can do this by targeting not hardly Catholics but all coffee drinkers in the U.S. who value price and quality. Most people enjoy a good cup of inexpensive coffee. The emphasis should not be on the support of the monasterys mission but should focus on great coffee for a reasonable price. By doing this, the Monks would increase sales and eventually be able to purchase a larger property.ChallengesThe monks may feel they are compromising their beliefs by focusing more on the coffee than their state d religious mission. If the monks focus on the fact that they are running a company that will eventually generate the sales needed to further their mission, this may ease the feelings. The monks may also want to increase their order by two to increase production and earn more money.SummaryAlthough Mystic Monk Coffee has a unique set of variables, they will be successful in increasing sales and purchasing the land.

George Balanchine for The Ballet Society

In 1946 Balanchine and Kirstein collaborated again to form concert dance Society, a company which introduced smart York subscription only audiences over the close two years to such new Balanchine works as The Four Temperaments (1946) and Stravinskys Renard (1947) and Orpheus (1948). On October 11, 1948, Morton Baum, chairman of the urban center Center finance committee, saw ballet Society in a City Center Theater program that included Orpheus, Serenade, and Symphony in C (a ballet which Balanchine had created for the Paris Opera ballet under the title Le Palais de Crystal the previous year)George Balanchine for New York City Ballet Baum was so highly impressed, that he initiated negotiations that led to the companys being invited to join the City Centre municipal complex (of which at the time the New York City Drama Company and the New York City Opera were a part) as the New York CityBallet. On October 11, 1948, the New York City Ballet was born, dancing a program consisting of Concerto Barocco, Orpheus and Symphony In C (a ballet which Balanchine had created for the Paris Opera Ballet under the title Le Palais de Cristal the previous year). From that time until his death, Balanchine served as artistic director for the New York City Ballet, choreographing (either wholly or in part) the legal age of the productions the company has introduced since its inception Among them were Firebird (1949 restaged with Jerome Robbins, 1970) Bouree Fantasque (1949) La Valse (1951) The Nutcracker (his commencement exercise full-length work for the Company), Ivesiana and Western Symphony, (1954) In June 1972, Balanchine staged the New York City Ballets first festival, an intensive one-week celebration of the music of his longtime friend and collaborator, Igor Stravinsky. Of the 20 works that received their world premieres during the Festival, he choreographed eight Stravinsky Violin Concerto, Duo Concertant, Choral Variations (on Bachs Vom Himmel Hoch, Scherzo A La Russe , Symphony in Three Movements, Divertimento from Le Baiser De La Fee, and new versions of Pulcinella (with Robbins) and Danses Concertantes. Till today his company, the New York City Ballet, is the leading dance root word of the United States and one of the greatest companies in the world

How America’s Foreign Policy Shaped Essay

Foreign policy determines how America conducts relations with other countries. It is designed to further certain goals, and to ensure Americas security and defense. Originally American foreign policy was based isolationism however, as the United States began to become more powerful, its foreign policy evolved. Through the 19th century, America concentrated on creating a nation that spanned the upright, and it avoided foreign entanglements. Once industrialized and more prosperous, it began looking for foreign markets and colonies. Dollar diplomacy was one strategy used to increase American go abroad. In addition to the need to exert more influence in foreign affairs for political reasons, Americans had a belief that their own cultural, moral, and racial high quality justified an increased global involvement. This can also be referred to as the Whitemans burden. The late nineteenth century to the 1920s can generally be described as a change of the United States from a very regional power, to a dominant world power. This shift began with the Spanish-American war.This war gave the United States, for the low gear time, an overseas empire. This war was also a fulfillment of the U.S aim of the Monroe Doctrine, which was that the U.S should secure the western hemisphere of colonial European rivalry which could infringe on U.S sparing and political interests. This is one of the reasons why the U.S went to war against Spain, to kick the Spanish out of nearby Cuba. Along with the threats to America from Central America, and Cuba, trouble was brewing over seas in Europe during the early 20th century. When WWI began, the U.S proclaimed a policy of strict neutrality. However, due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Note, Wilson went to congress calling for a solvent of war on Germany.After being victorious in war, Wilson hoped to revolutionize the conduct of international affairs. He came up with the Fourteen Points, which attempted to restore territor ies occupy during car, eliminate imperialism, trade restrictions, secret treaties, and to set up global organization to prevent future wars. In addition to the Fourteen Points, the Dawes Plan was also enacted. This jut made the U.S banks lend money to Germany so that Germany could meet its reparation payments to countries such as France and United Kingdom. These countries in return, used these payments to service their war debts to the United States.I believe the most significant foreign policy development, is the transition from isolationist nation to an imperial power, as well as the rapid change from a conservative to progressive government, helped to shape America to be what it is today. At the dawn of the 20th century, the United States was in the midst of industrialization. But because the U.S was a different continent from Europe, it desired not to get involved in any of the entanglements of the European nations. However, due to the need for foreign markets to feed the indu strial growth, foreign outreach was becoming a necessary evil, and the U.S needed to develop a less isolationist foreign policy.

I Want a Wife Essay

Brady makes herself approachable as a writer with some authority on the topic of the unjustness of the common marriage. With this leading use of ethos, Brady non only gives her writing integrity, she also successfully gets the audiences respect and that opens them up to being susceptible to her argument. Bradys use of pathos is also a huge part of why her argument is so greatly ccepted. Being that no one, not even a woman, would like to be treated as described in the move Brady conveys a plethora of emotions for the reader. She tells and even over exaggerates the stresses of everyday life and the unrealistic, selfish and servant like expectations for the wife of a husband. Brady, knowing that her audience is mainly women, targets in on the buried frustrations of the overwhelming responsibilities placed upon them grownup them the inspiration for the change Brady is arguing for. Another important device that Brady subjects the audience to is logos.Through the passage Brady tells o f the forceful measures wives are expected to go through. The expectations that are place are so extremely unrealistic and marvellous with Just one wife that the reader can see the illogical expectations for what they are. The repletion of l extremity shows the audience the selfishness and gets them to see that husbands cant have everything they want and that while its a smooth idea to have a servant as a wife is not a red-blooded relationship but more of slavery. In conclusion, Brady successfully conveys her argument using ethos, logos and

Public Health of the Developing Country of South Africa Essay

Abstr kneadStudies and statistics agree prescribe the exist of one course requirement of standard congenital medicines regarded for the dealment of support at $ 4000 to $ 6000 in ontogenesis countries homogeneous s verbotenh state of ward Africa. This hail puts the medicines out of the reach of or so of the battalion septic by human immunodeficiency virus in the maturation countries. In order to make the medicines functional to all(a) the impoverished muckle the constitute should take on been at least 95 percent slight. The exorbitant price is beca drug abuse of the cost of the b ars. The drugs protected by the capable berth matures were required to treat diseases like Tuberculosis, in assenting to the treatments of HIV/AIDS. Such drugs excessively included Hepatitis-B Vaccine. There has been a continuous criticism by the social activists and new(prenominal) public tumesceness associations, of the action by the World dish out Organization in making the c reate countries weapon the Trade- think Aspects of noetic primty Rights (TRIPS) savvy which deals with the protection of Intellectual Property fulls relating to the essential drugs. They redeem also been condemning the attitude of the multinational companies in indulging in excessive lobbying to insist on the murder of the IP rights protection which testament have the core group of enhancing their earnings by charging exorbitant prices for the drugs and for putting the essential drugs and wellness cargon beyond the afford capability of scores of people in the maturation nations including South Africa.How ever so to a gl atomic number 18 place such circumstances the traffichip between the governance of South Africa and the transnational pharmaceutical companies had non been a conducive one thanks to the implementation of the viands of TRIPS concordance. On the decision of the South Afri do- nonhing governing to pass the Medicines and Related Substances Amendment Act in the social class 1997, 39 drug companies joined to initiate healthy action against the government. The plea of the drug companies is that the Act gave too much freedom of action to the Health parson and he acted beyond the legitimate interpretation of TRIPS. It was the endeavour of South Africa to make life saving drugs available at affordable prices. The coun learn wanted to effectively utilize the compulsory licensing opportunities opened by TRIPS so that the prices of the drugs could be put infra check. But since the action of the government posed a threat to the earning content of the international pharmaceutical companies they went to the extent of entering into litigation with the government of South Africa. IntroductionTRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) under the authority of the WTO were prepareed to protect fieldwide intellectual property rights. The correspondences, governing non save to a greater extent general intellectual pr operty rights but also those of the pharmaceutical industry, are fairly mingy causing m either problems for growth countries especially South Africa which is beingness ravaged by epidemics which includes AIDS.According to a statistical survey by unify Nations1 20 percent of the adult population in South Africa tests positive for HIV. The clash of the disease is such that the more than half a million children have been tell orphans. It is also reported that HIV/AIDS related diseases expect to reduce the average life prediction in South Africa by 20 years in the year 2010. Therefore it can be inf slewed that the provision of treatment of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is a high priority issue2.It has been necessity for South Africa to circumvent part of the TRIPS commensuratenesss in an effort to protect its population. AIDS is taking great gong of the country leaving families without parents and health care hospitals totally unable to cope. The United States currently insists on the TRIPS agreement being strictly adhered to and seems unable, or unwilling, to find a way to help the development nations with this problem. There have been some efforts made to help them in this comply, for example compulsory licensing and latitude set and these methods will be examined in a later section.The negotiation of the TRIPS stipulation has been construed as one that was forcibly introduced by the ontogeny countries against the objection of m each of the developing nations. The industrial lobbies (multinational and transnational corporations) have convinced the governments of the create countries to link the international trade with Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) so that the industrial advancement of the developing countries would be curtai take. This would automatically hamper imitation of technologies and increase the returns on research and development for the developed countries. Monopoly rights makeed under IPR were mainly intend to deter the developin g countries from advancing on the industrialization.Thus TRIPS Agreement and the protection of IPR have been used to ensure the comparative advantage of the developed countries in terms of the technological development. Under TRIPS countries like India, Brazil which manu particularures generic medicines would not have the right to export such medicines with effect from 01 January 2005. This is so despite the fact that the importing countries do have the respective unornamenteds covering the drugs.Specifically the least developing countries have put a strong resistance to the requirements of TRIPS especially in the matter of granting the protection rights for the products and processes. While developing countries were required to implement the provisions within one year of reaching the Agreement, the developing countries were given time until the end of the year 2004. In the matter of protection of rights of pharmaceutical products the lease developing countries have been allowed t o delay the implementation of TRIPS Agreement provisions till the year 2016.The peculiarity with the provisions of TRIPS is that it allows any country to override the distinct right under certain specific circumstances by using the compulsory licensing procedure. For instance when on that point is a shortage of drugs or the prices of the drugs are too high to make them unaffordable the country can override the patent of invention if the prescribed procedures are followed. This provision of TRIPS presupposes that all the countries do possess the required manufacturing facilities which enable them to use the provisions to produce generic medicines under extraordinary circumstances.But unfortunately more of the developing and least developing countries do not posses such facilities, and hence they would be left with shortage of such drugs. In addition they are also not allowed to import the generics from those countries that possess them. In any case these countries do not have eno ugh power and administrative capabilities to invoke the TRIPS Agreement either due to the reason that they do not possess the know-how required to reengineer the drugs or they fear sanctions from the US and the West3. TRIPS Agreement under WTOThe TRIPS Agreement is actually much thought of as one of the three pillars of the WTO (World Trade Organization), trade in goods and services being the some other two.4TRIPS, initially part of GATT. But becoming part of the WTO brief, was founded to ensure that protection of intellectual property rights was not, of itself, an occlusion to trade and to increase cooperation between members. Under the TRIPS agreement each member state has an obligation to treat all other member states equally. The WTO negotiates between members and helps them to understand and consort out the rules and regulations they have signed up to. It also aids cooperation between members and acts as a watchdog to ensure that the agreement is adhered to.Marketing right s of a patent, when first applied for, are given for a period of 5 years or until the patent is finally approved (whichever is the shorter period) but even during this period members moldiness comply with the rules and regulations as set out in conditions 3 and 4.Because of the nature of the agreement especially as regards pharmaceuticals, it was decided that minimum standards could be used, the the States prefers the higher(prenominal) standards but accepts the minimum as the developing military man does not have the capacity to take a crap to the higher standards at the present time. Public awareness of the serious issue of AIDS and other diseases has led to the belief (by the WTO) that health must, in the final analysis, come before agreements since the spread of AIDS cannot be the repair responsibility of one country.In trying to bridge the gap between the pharmaceutical companies and the developing nations, TRIPS has endeavoured to go the two sides to loafher by allowing e xtensions to drugs patents but has also allowed some compulsory licensing.Article 3(a) under the TRIPS Agreement states that treatment of all members must be equal, but Article 3(b) is a get-out clause and Article 4(b) states that all members are equal, unless an agreement was entered into before the WTO agreement. However, the Council for TRIPS must be informed of any non-observance of Article 3(a) under Article 3(b).The TRIPS Agreement ensures that members discharge their commitments to the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). Part of the United Nations WIPO was set up in 1974 specifically to direct international treaties and agreements. The Paris Convention on Industrial Property and the capital of Switzerland Convention on Copyright, two of the major treaties have been brought under the TRIPS umbrella. The former states that members must comply with the obligations they have towards each other and nothing must stand in the way of such obligations. However, as noted, there is a get-out clause in cases of emergency which has to be acknowledged by members to the agreements. There is also an agreement that member countries monitor each other for infringements.Most important in terms of worldwide health problems is Article 67 of TRIPS which states that developed countries must dish out developing countries with the development of their intellectual property rights, it statesIn order to facilitate the implementation of this Agreement developed country Members shall provide, on request and mutually concur terms and conditions, technical and monetary cooperation in favour of developing and least-developed country members Such cooperation shall include assist in the preparation of laws and regulations on the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights as wholesome as on the prevention of their abuse, and shall include support regarding the establishment or reinforcement of domestic offices and agencies relevant to these matters, incl uding the training of personnel. political programmes to assist the developing nations have already been promoted and are being assisted by the WTO secretariat and WIPO. TRIPS Agreement in Relation to MedicinesSince most pharmaceutical research and development is carried out in developed countries the organisations involved savour that they should be better protected. Most drugs cost millions and take years to test and develop before being allowed onto the commercialize, the industry naturally want returns by way of salary on sales. AIDS medication has been a particularly important breakthrough since HIV infects an estimated 45 million persons worldwide but there are also 1.86 billion cases of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis5 therefore, it is imperative that something be done to help pacify this type of suffering which, with the ever growing number of tourists, should be the concern of not only those countries in which these epidemics are raging but every nation whose borders are open to travel from other countries.The TRIPS agreement, currently, seems to err on the side of the drugs companies, probably because they have such powerful lobbies and are part of the new world-wide elite group of corporations which, according to Janet Dine, are increasingly importing their own ethics into the developing countries and virtually taking over, creating in the process an impoverished and unhealthy nation, they, the indigenous population have to take what is offered often at less than subsistence wages and become more dependant on the corporations who have moved into their countries in search of ever increasing profits.The money the corporations make from taking over in developing countries returns, not to the people of that region, but to their own countries. With tax incentives and a population who take any over wee-wee they can get to cash in ones chips at the lowest rates offered, these Corporations appear to be fuelling a crisis in health for some o f the poorest nations in the world.6Although The TRIPS agreement does allow for compulsory licensing in an emergency, each country must first negotiate with rights holders and must use those drugs obtained under such a license only for the emergency period and not for any commercial gain.Specific areas, such as South Africa, are going through a health crisis which needs the drugs already available to ameliorate it, however, in spite of clause 3(b), they are getting no further forward in their fight to help their citizens to overcome unprecedented death rates that the epidemics are producing.In spite of Articles 30/31, which allow for compulsory licensing, the poorest and least developed nations are fighting against the cost of the use of patents and the epidemics themselves. Compulsory licensing does not adequately cover the needs of such nations in sub-Saharan Africa since they do not have facilities to manufacture their own drugs.7Protection of intellectual property is not part of the nicety of many countries, nevertheless, the TRIPS Agreement was signed on 15th April 1994 by 117 nations. The agreement allows intellectual property rights to be enforced by trade sanctions8 and, although some countries were not in complete agreement, international trade is indispensable to their economic growth so, however reluctantly, they signed. Inhibitors, which have done much to reckon AIDS in the west, cost as much as $10.000 per head annually but international trade is the life crease of developing nations therefore they had pocket-sized choice but to do so.94. TRIPS and Developing CountriesIt has been observed that implementing TRIPS Agreement and recognizing IPR on pharmaceutical products and processes would result in the following problems to the developing countries10The minimum 20 years protection to the IPR would grant a virtual monopoly for a pharmaceutical company over its patented drug and the company would be able to charge exorbitant prices on the drugs without competition which in turn would keep the drug prices very high during the period of protection. It is also not practicable to bring any generic equivalent into the market due to the TRIPS Agreement. This would deny the patients cheaper alternative drugs.The product and process patents provide for the protection of the product as well as the technology. Under the TRIPS Agreement the countries are given the right to make application for the protection of patent rights on drugs for a period extending up to twenty years. After the expiation of this period the countries can get the protection extended for further periods to the processes being employed in the manufacture of the drugs. This no doubt creates a monopoly situation on the drugs.Such protection also throw the domestic pharmaceutical producers in the developing countries out of market as they have to compete with large multinational pharmaceutical manufacturers which is not possible for small producers in the developin g nations who use cheaper generic alternatives. Moreover such production may not be carried out by them during the 20 year protection period.Under TRIPS Agreement patent rights need to be given(p) irrespective of the fact that the products are imported or domestically manufactured11. This implies that the transnational corporations can supply global markets under the monopoly of patent rights even without producing any medicines in the developing countries by simply importing them into the developing countries. There will be no flow of technology or inappropriate direct investments into the developing countries as envisaged by the WTOHowever under Article 66 of the TRIPS the least developed countries were allowed to postpone the application of the provisions relating to the patents for a period of 10 years on specific application.125. Exceptions to the open Protection of Pharmaceuticals Parallel importing implying that the developing counties are allowed to import the drugs from the cheaper markets for resale in their respective countries and thereby lower the prices of drugs.Compulsory licensing under compulsory licensing scheme, the government acting through the courts of law is empowered to provide a license in favor of a third company. Such license may be granted by the government even without the prior consent of the license holder. However the compulsory licensing can be resorted to in cases of national emergencies. The license may also be compulsorily transferred to a third party in case of an extremely emergent situation or where there are circumstances implying any anti-competitive movements by the manufacturers. The compulsory licensing is resorted to by the governments to make the drugs easily available to the poor and needy people at affordable costs. It also ensures that the patent holder is provided adequate compensation for use of the patent.6. Public Health in South Africa and the Impact of TRIPS AgreementThe need for cheaper drugs in Sout h Africa can not be undermined. The impact of AIDS in the country poses the situation of an extreme emergency forcing the implementation TRIPS. The economy of South Africa is credibly to get affected by a reduction of 1 percent every year because of the work force getting disintegrated. It is estimated that the life expectancy would be lowered to 50 years in 2010 from 70 years currently. These threats to the economy and population growth would as well be a threat to stillness and order situations in the country of South Africa13.In this context all the problems enumerated above for the developing nations have been faced by South Africa also. In addition when the government wanted to implement the Medicines and Related Substances chasteness Bill, the US Government vehemently objected to the passing of the law which allowed for parallel importing and compulsory licensing. However amidst cover of pressure on the government and the Parliament the South African government enacted the law in the year 1997.The pharmaceutical lobby backed by the transnational companies in the South Africa not only filed a suit against the promulgation of the law but also indulged in negotiations and threats to the government to change its stand.The pressure was smart after the year 1997 when the South African government tried to implement a number of insurance measures to lower the prices of drugs used in public health. The SA policies have focused on such issues as compulsory generic drug substitution, restrictions on inappropriate marketing efforts, registration of generic versions of the cancer drug Paclitaxel (sold as Taxol by Bristol-Myers Squibb), parallel-imports, and compulsory licensing14.It may be noted that despite Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement that provides for the parallel importing and compulsory licensing the transnational pharmaceutical companies have vehemently opposed the attempts by developing countries like South Africa taking measures for implementing pa rallel importing and compulsory licensing as these practices would allow these countries to have their requirements of the medicines at cheaper prices which in turn would affect the profits of these transnational companies15.It was after the intervention of the AIDS activists and health activists that US came to an thought in the issue. The government of South Africa insisted that it retains all the original provisions defending its position be retained. The government also wanted to make the fullest use of compulsory licensing and parallel importing which were finded as detrimental to the interests of the the Statesn Transnational Companies16. How American Corporations Control the argumentation WorldA- Business lobbiesLarge and small billetes in the United States have been organised into various associations, for example Business refresh Tables are national Associations which include membership of the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of all the most important trans-national co mpanies and the National Chamber of Commerce includes all sizes of firms.17 polish up Tables have been in existence since 1972, the first was formed by forty-two of the (then) biggest and most important U.S. companies including banks, retailers, Insurance, beguile and most of the utilities companies. They were designed to enable business to proceed without the destructive competitive basis of the business world. They were set forth asAn association of chief executive officers who examine public issues that affect the economy and develop positions which judge to reflect sound economic and social principles. the turningtable was founded in the belief that business executives should take an increase role in the continuing debates approximately public policy.18The raison detre for these firms was the idea that what ever is good for business is good for the American people. They argued that, employees, purchasers, suppliers etc all have an interest in a business. These associations , they say, represent a cross section of the American public.19The idea that what is good for business is good for America is patently built in bed since most people are in fact excluded from any rights in this elite world. Employees have little or no say in the running of their firms and consumers must pay the prices asked, they do have the right not to corrupt which is a somewhat negative view of the process of inclusiveness.David C Korten says that most of the memberships of the Round Tables are confined to white males over the age of 50 whose salaries are long. They do not, as claimed, consider that what is good for business is good for America but rather endeavour to maximise their own profits and those of their shareholders by seeking to globalise in areas where they can have an almost free hand to carry out their business practices almost unhindered by the laws of any country they move into. 20Free Trade has long been an ideal of the American incorporated world which is w hy the Round Tables campaigned vigorously for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA and created ground forces-NAFTA to front their interests, the American public, sick at so much control in so few hands, have been given country-wide blanket assurances through the media. In spite of the fact that NAFTA was supposed to be a really broad church of interests it is really part of the elite Round Table Associations and has many representatives on advisory committees.The country might have been even more nervous if they had realised that at the time of the creation of these Round Tables the major companies were in fact laying deviation their competitive differences to reach a consensus on issues of social and economic policy for America.21B- Influence of U.S. landJanet Dine claims no single idea is more deeply embedded in modern destination than the belief that economic growth is the key to meeting most important human needs, including alleviating poverty and protect the envi ronment 22 which accounts for the greatest growth area in Washington being public relations firms. These firms work hard to protect the images of their incarnate clients against a rising tide of discontent which is now manifesting itself throughout the world. It could be thought that they are fighting a losing battle but the top fifty public relations firms billed over $1.7 billion dollars in 199123 which gives rise to the question, why are these PR firms so infallible?There is probably no single answer to this question but very little intelligence activity is given directly to the public without some collective employee looking at the effect it will have, watchword and advertising, according to Korten, are almost synonymous.24The political system of America has greatly changed in the post war period of more general affluence. The Democratic party has lost its basic identity the party of the people as opposed to the Republicans who have al ways represented business and the wea lthier side of the electorate this being so the Democrats are far more dependant on the need to raise funds for their electioneering and have moody to the corporations who inevitably want quid pro quo for their donations.The mass media are heavily behind the elitist values of corporate America and the amount they are able to pay to PR firms to put across an extremely colorful policy and both the jumper cable parties needing the financial backing of corporate America, this, says David C Korten, This is the sorry state of American democracy.25 He says that voters tend to be seen as a passive homogeneous mass of say-so customers who can be told not only what to buy but also what to think and feel. What is worse, this idea of corporations is spreading, many trans-national companies rely heavily on the corporate idealism of what is good for them is good for the people they sell to. Mexico and lacquer both use those kindred American firms to tell their populations what they should think and feel and ultimately what they should buy.C- American land for SaleThe Mexican government spent upwards of $25 million and hired many of the leading Washington lobbyists to support its campaign for NAFTA. Japanese corporations were spending an estimated $100 million a year on political lobbying in the United States and another $300 million building a nationwide grassroots political network to influence public opinion. 26Canada, Britain and the Netherlands governments employ public relations firms in America to help them lobby and draft laws that will be favourable to the business elites in their own countries.These companies try to sell the idea of corporate libertarianism 27which is supposed to allay the fears of those who have an idea that all is not well in the corporate world of business, it is possible to claim that these corporations are in fact in the act of taking over the world and with the resources piling up behind them it could well happen in the not too dista nt future.The United States and Higher Levels of Protection.To add to this theme of a world take-over by corporate America, the signatories to TRIPS have begun to rethink intellectual property protection.28 This is bad news for those under-developed countries which rely on drugs from the western world to protect their citizens from ravaging epidemics. Rosalyn S Park saysPoor, developing nations have been most affected by the patent protection laws and resulting high drug prices, yet these nations also harbor the highest number of HIV-positive people. Consequently, the vast majority of people in need of HIV/AIDS medicines simply cannot afford them. 29In 2006 new protection laws will come into force which all members must adhere to. This will have a devastating effect on the millions of people in countries too poor to have their own drugs businesses, they will become more reliant upon those better protected, developed countries making vast profits from the countries least able to pay. Neither the USA nor the European Union appear greatly interested in aiding those countries with the greatest needs and the least ability to pay. Admittedly concessions have been made as regards agricultural and textile concessions but this has been at the cost of allowing higher property rights which is a swings-and-round-a-bouts situation. It would be much more useful to South Africa specifically and to the developing world in general, if the costs of patented drugs could be either brought down or, as a common mother wit gesture of good will, eliminated completely until such time as the AIDS epidemic was at least brought down to manageable proportions.In spite of several different types of drugs on the market which help attack AIDS and AIDS related illnesses30 not enough are getting through to the developing countries as the multinationals are still insisting on not just the status quo as regards intellectual property rights but even higher levels.31 They appear to be driven only by the profit author and the perceived necessity for free trade paying little attention to the suffering caused in the developing world. Nor are they taking a long term view, highly contagious diseases are rife in the developing world, therefore, with the modern freedom of travel, no country can ever be safe from the same epidemics. Even with modern drugs to combat them, new strains will develop, new drugs will have to be found and costs will escalate.do drugss now exist which allow people with AIDS to live a moderately normal life including returning to work, it would in fact be in the interests of the drugs companies to allow South Africa to use them, dead people have no use for drugs nor anything else that the multi-nationals may wish to sell them. ConclusionThe TRIPS Agreement was a milestone in patent protection of intellectual property rights and was considered to be a financial safeguard for research investment, however, it also had the effect of pricing some pharmaceutica ls out of the reach of many nations most in need of the most recently patented medicines. Before the TRIPS agreement, governments had been able to make compulsory permit orders to produce drugs at lower prices in their own countries, after the agreement, although still possible, it is much more unwieldy and thus more difficult to protect their citizens from the epidemics which are wreaking havoc in their countries.It is important to protect intellectual property rights but it is far more important to protect peoples lives but the end currentlppears to be largely towards the greater protection of pharmaceutical industries.TRIPS allows compulsory licensing and parallel pricing but underdevelop countries such as South Africa are being prevented from using them because of the threat of trade sanctions and trade is merry to their economies.It is necessary to protect peoples work and investment and research must be encouraged especially into good diseases. Corporations who invest ti me and money into producing drugs to cope with these scourges should reap the rewards of their labour. However, many drugs companies are seeing such enormous returns on their investments that concessions should be made to underdeveloped countries which so desperately need the medications produced by these huge giants of industry. In spite of concessions in the TRIPS agreement, corporations do appear to be protected at the expense of peoples lives.Public health should be and is a priority in the west where governments can afford to buy the health of their citizens. Unfortunately, this is not the case in the poorer, less developed countries where governments are struggling to find ways to access drugs and yet to maintain a healthy trading relationship with the countries which hold the patents to these drugs.Good health is the basic right of every citizen of every country wherever possible. More goodwill is necessary on the part of the western world and America in particular to allow c ompulsory licensing and parallel pricing to be used without the threat of trade sanctions. Epidemics do not respect borders, they can be carried by people to all corners the world, what was a third world problem yesterday is our problem today, world health is an issue that no country can ignore therefore although corporations must be allowed fair returns on their investments it must not be at the expense of world health.It is quite apparent that TRIPS Agreement has not taken into account the public health needs of the developing nations while formulating the clauses relating to the protection of IPR in respect of pharmaceutical needs. The Agreement has not specified any particular obligations towards those governments granting the IPR for pharmaceutical products. The Agreement has also not considered the need for public health in the developing countries and grossly ignored the interests of the patients of these countries.There are a number of factors that the developing countries h ave to take into account including the implication of the TRIPS Agreement and the patent protection under the Agreement in the provision of medical facilities and adequate public health to the people of the respective developing countries. At the end of the day it must be recognized that the poorer residents of the worlds least large nations cannot pay even the marginal cost of drugs that might save their lives or permit them to become profitable workers32.BibliographyConceicao Soares (2007)The HIV/AIDS crisis and corporate moral responsibility in the light of the Levinasian notions of proximity and the tercet Business Ethics A European Review Vol. 16 No 3 p 280David C Korten, When Corporations dominate the World, Earthscan Publication Ltd. London, p.144Duane Nash, VI, Foreign & International Law South Africas Medicines and Related Substances Control Amendment Act of 1997 15 Berkeley Tech. L J. 485(lexis)Fact Sheet Developing Countries Transition Periods p1F.M. Scherer and Jayas hree Watal Post-Trips Options for entry to Patented Medicines in Developing Nations diary of International Economic Law (2002) p 939Janet Dine, The Governance of Corporate Groups, Cambridge University Press, 2000.p.157J H Reichman, The TRIPS Agreement Comes of maturate Conflict or Cooperation with the Developing Countries? P.6John A. Harrelson, IV. Note Trips, Pharmaceutical Patents, and the HIV/AIDS Crisis Finding the Proper eternal rest Between Intellectual Property Rights and Compassion 7 Wid. L. Symp. J . 175(lexis)Kara M. Bombach The South African Medicines and Related Substances Control Amendment Bill and TRIPS p1Lisa Foreman (2007)Trade Rules, Intellectual Property and the Right to Health Comparative Program in Health and Society Munk pith for International Studies University of Toronto Ethics & International Affairs Vol. 21 No3 p 342Louise Sylvan TRIPS Protecting Intellectual Property or Putting Profits Before throng Online whimsy p1Medecins sans Frontieres (1999) A ccess to HIV/AIDS medicines in Thailand, Medecins sans Frontieres Report to the National AIDS Committee of Thailand, August 1999, MSF website, www.accessmed-msf.org/msf/accessmed/accessmed.nsf/ hypertext mark-up language/4DTS2? well-defined Document.p1N.B. Zaveri (1999) Success often comes to those who dare and act, paper presented at Brainstorming Workshop on WTO Agreements and Peoples Concerns, New Delhi, Oct/Nov 1999 p1Patric Bond US Policy toward South Africa and Access to Pharmaceutical Drugs option Information and Development Centre p1Ross Brennan and Paul Baines (2005) Is there a morally right price for anti-retroviral drugs in the developing world Business Ethics A European Review Vol. 15 No 1 p32Rosalyn S Park, The International Drug Industry What the Future Holds for South Africas HIV/AIDS Patients, manganese Journal of world(prenominal) Trade, p.3Z. Mirza (1999) WTO/TRIPS, pharmaceuticals and health impacts and strategies, The Networks Drug Bulletin, Sept-Dec 1999, Vo l. 8, No. 5/6, Association for acute Use of Medication in Pakistan p 271 United Nations (2004) Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva United Nations2 Ross Brennan and Paul Baines (2005) Is there a morally right price for anti-retroviral drugs in the developing world Business Ethics A European Review Vol. 15 No 1 p 323 Conceicao Soares (2007)The HIV/AIDS crisis and corporate moral responsibility in the light of the Levinasian notions of proximity and the Third Business Ethics A European Review Vol. 16 No 3 p 2804 www.wto.org (Frequently asked questions about TRIPS in the WTO).5 Duane Nash, VI, Foreigh & International Law South Africas Medicines and Related Substances Control Amendment Act of 1997 15 Berkeley Tech. L J. 485(lexis)6 Janet Dine, The Governance of Corporate Groups, Cambridge University Press, 2000.p.1577 John A. Harrelson, IV. Note Trips, Pharmaceutical Patents, and the HIV/AIDS Crisis Finding the Proper Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights and Compassion 7 Wid. L. Symp. J . 175(lexis)8 Ibid9 Ibid10 Z. Mirza (1999) WTO/TRIPS, pharmaceuticals and health impacts and strategies, The Networks Drug Bulletin, Sept-Dec 1999, Vol. 8, No. 5/6, Association for Rational Use of Medication in Pakistan p 2711 Medecins sans Frontieres (1999) Access to HIV/AIDS medicines in Thailand, Medecins sans Frontieres Report to the National AIDS Committee of Thailand, August 1999, MSF website, www.accessmed-msf.org/msf/accessmed/accessmed.nsf/html/4DTS2? Open Document. p112 Fact Sheet Developing Countries Transition Periods p113 Kara M. Bombach The South African Medicines and Related Substances Control Amendment Bill and TRIPShttp//academic.udayton.edu/health/06world/africa01.htm p114 Patric Bond US Policy toward South Africa and Access to Pharmaceutical Drugs Alternative Information and Development Centre p115 Louise Sylvan TRIPS Protecting Intellectual Property or Putting Profits Before People Online scene p116 N.B. Zaveri (1999) Success often comes to tho se who dare and act, paper presented at Brainstorming Workshop on WTO Agreements and Peoples Concerns, New Delhi, Oct/Nov 1999 p117 David C Korten, When Corporations Rule the World, Earthscan Publication Ltd. London, p.14418 Ibid19 Ibid20 David C Korten, When Corporations Rule the World, Earthscan Publication Ltd. London, p.14421 Ibid22 Janet Dine, The Governance of Corporate Groups, Cambridge University Press, 2000.p.15623 David C Korten, When Corporations Rule the World, Earthscan Publication Ltd. London, p.14624 Ibid25 David C Korten, When Corporations Rule the World, Earthscan Publication Ltd. London, p.14726 Ibid27 David C Korten, When Corporations Rule the World, Earthscan Publication Ltd. London,pp.147-14828 Rosalyn S Park, The International Drugs Industry What the Future Holds for South Africas HIV/AIDS Patients, Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 2002.p.129 Ibid30 Rosalyn S Park, Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 2000, p.231 J H Reichman, The TRIPS Agreement Comes of Age C onflict or Cooperation with the Developing Countries? P.632 F.M. Scherer and Jayashree Watal Post-Trips Options for Access to Patented Medicines in Developing NationsJournal of International Economic Law (2002) p 939

Fast food †Nutrition Essay

The problem is when that fun stuff develops the habit. And I think thats whats happened in our culture. straightaway viands has become the anyday meal. Michelle Obama stated this quote to inform America that riotous feed is becoming a problem in the U. S. betting food had been make business since the 1960s and proudly serving all across America (Schlosser. 4). It hasnt been until the 1980s, refer red-faced to the decade of child consumer, where prodigal food didnt only when try attracting adults but children as well (Schlosser. 25).This has been a problem in the U. S be bm America soon became one of the top countries with children being obese. There is a lot of reason wherefore children ar obese lack of exercise, visiting fast food instead of eating at home, and seated in the couch staring at the television screen for an extended period of time. But the closely importantly is children visit fast food often. It is important to consider that fast food is not just bad f or children but they are able to serve food very quickly, replacing meals that could be make at home.Be arrange fast food are publicise children with blistery meals, it causes them to become overweight, and can cause them to sacrifice future problem this can be reduced if Fast food testament stop targeting child and parents to take extra cautious to what kids fulfill. To begin with, Fast Food used reportment, such(prenominal) as newspaper, indoctrinate billboards and the media, to attract children. The problem to this is that their methods do in fact, work. Companies, like McDonalds, might say we dont advertise children but according to Meredith, fast food companies take their unhealthy meals, put them on shrill red boxes and add a toy on it and call it a happy meal.(Melnick,web). Kids are always attracted to colorful and fun stuff, making it easy for fast food to attract kids with toys and bright colors. This makes kids want to buy the meals, and not be aware of what the f ood may contain. Another way fast food companies attract children is through and through even school. Recently 9 states were allowed to advertise in school busses as well as school, and11 more(prenominal) states are considering to do so (Brittman,web). This can cause a problem because children are going to be exposed to more fast food advertisement in school and outside of school as well.It also makes kids want and crave the fast food eating place if they are exposed to the advertisement every day. Thus, the fast food advertisement that is being broadcasted targets children, making them want fast food. The meals that fast foods are advertizing not only target kid, but they also dont reach the requirement for a healthy meal for kids. According to Grace Dickinson in, Fast Food Companies Still Targeting Children, states that of the 3,000 examined fast food meals targeting towards kids, a measly 12 meals reach the nutritional guidelines for pre-school aged kid. This is a problem in t he United States because the foods that are being advertised for kids are not healthy for kids. Fast food companies attract children by use role models and attract them with toys This causes children to become overweight because they will over consume large amounts of calories and unnecessary risque. Fast foods are targeting children with unhealthy foods. Because of the unhealthy foods that are being sold to young kids in fast foods, it causes the children to become overweight and develop future problems.Kids who eat fast food arent able to digest the meal in one day. Overtime kids will puddle problems like type 2 diabetes and high production line pressure because children are overweight ( large(p) in children, web). This is a problem because kids shouldnt have these problems at such a young age. Another statement to include is, Because of the increasing rates of obesity, unhealthy eating habits and somatic inactivity, we may see the first generation that will be less healthy a nd have a shorter life expectancy than their parents. (Overweight in children, web) this is important to consider because kids have a higher chance to spend at a young age and this can impact the population in the U. S and many a(prenominal) people will lose their love ones. The food being sold in fast foods cause children to become obese, causing them to develop problems in the future. Besides the physical feature unhealthy food may cause, it also may affect America. According to the study of Merdith, eating fast food has pretty ofttimes become the routine for many families. One-third of children and teens reported to visit a fast food restaurant at least once a week (Meredith, web). Kids visit fast food restaurants frequently making them want and crave more. because they consume restaurants so often, teens and children consume about 800-1,100 calories per visit (Meredith,web). This is known to be a problem because since children are always thinking about visiting fast foods res taurants, they gain more fat then a person that would eat at home. researchers have found that,40% of children ages 2-11 ask their parents to go to McDonalds at least once a weekEven worse, 84% of parents reported fetching their children to a fast food restaurant at least once a week. (Grace, web). America is relying so much on fast food that they arent eating at home. Whenever children ask for fast food their parents will take them to eat unhealthy food that is unnecessary for them. In order to reduce fast food restaurants from targeting children is to stop them from denote to children. The councilor of better business bureaus children and beverage have made a leaving in the fast food business, according to Kendra from, Children Target of $1.6 billion in food ads, the council has enlisted 14 large companies, who have pledged to reduce child-direct denote or to feature better-for-you products in youth advertising(Kendra, web). This not only reduces the visits from children, but provides healthier foods for children. An example of how it might work is in Quebec, Canada. For over 32 years, it was illegal for fast food companies to advertise food for kids. Results show that kids in Quebec consumed 13. 4-18. 4 billion few calories per year (Deidre, web).Also compared to other states where its legal for fast food restaurant to advertise to children, Quebec is 38% less likely to buy fast food then other states (Deidre, web). This is important to consider this because they are one of the least obese areas in Canada and the children have a healthier life choice if they wouldnt hear anything about any fast-food restaurants. If fast foods reduced or illuminated advertising to children, then children would have a healthier choice in life. Another way that could stop kids from having contact with advertising, is for parents to limit the what they see on the media.Parents need to monitor the channels children watch or magazine, where their could be advertising of fas t foods (Deidre, web). If parents do follow this process then kids will be less likely to know what kind of unhealthy food fast food may be promoting. Parents have a big role on how to control the way they children will become.Children often ask parents to take them to fast food, but the one that is received to what children eat relies on the parents command on whether to please their children unnecessary. Fast food restaurant are advertising children with unhealthy meals, it causes them to become overweight, and can cause them to have future problems.In order to make this a less of a problem, fast food companies and parents need to take a big role on what children are consuming. Fast food restaurants targeting to children is harming America as a whole because they are the people who will live in the future. Because children are eating unhealthy at such a young age, it cause them to develop problems in the future. In order to stop this fast food companies need to lower their advert ising or promote healthier food to children.Parents also need to not give in to their kids lacking to go to fast food and try to avoid their kids from seeing unhealthy advertising.Work cited page Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation. Boston, New York Houghton Mifflin, 2001. Print Melnick, Meredith. Study Fast Food Ads Target Kids with Unhealthy Food, and It Works,. health Land. Health Land, 8 Nov. 2010. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Brittman, Mark. Opinionator The Right to Sell Kids Junk Comments. Opinionator The Right to Sell Kids Junk Comments. The New York times, 27 Mar. 2012. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Dickenson, Grace. Fast Food Companies Still Targeting Children. Food Fitness Fresh Air, 8 Nov. 2010. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Overweight in Children. Overweight in Children. American Heart Association, 9 Apr. 2012. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. .